The Chestnutbanded Plover Charadrius pallidus is endemic to Africa, and two widely separated populations occur: C. p. venestus in Kenya and C. p. pallidus in southern Africa. The world populations of many species are hard to determine unless they are very small - Spix Macaw has a world population of one, which is easily counted - or they congregate in one place, e.g. the Amsterdam Albatross's world population breeds on one island.