There have been significant advances in our understanding of dune sands and dusts since the 1980s. Advances in dune sand knowledge have generally been incremental. A better understanding of dune sands and their formative processes has come from higher resolution field and laboratory instrumentation and data analysis techniques; however, conceptual developments have been fewer. Advances in dust knowledge have been more rapid and fundamental, because they have come from a lower base. Although improvements in measurement and modeling techniques have been important, studies in new regions of the world have also significantly improved understanding of dust characteristics and processes. Keywords: Aeolian sediments, Aerosols, Dune sand, Dust, Dust transport systems, Particles.