This paper seeks to analyze TBNRM in a broad sense. The purpose of the paper is fourfold: 1. To analyze the rationale for TBNRM and the factors which are driving the emergence of specific initiatives. 2. To analyze and characterize the nature and types of TBNRM in the SADC region. 3. To highlight some key concerns related to the likely effectiveness and sustainability of TBNRM initiatives in the region. 4. To suggest a way forward in terms of key needs and the appropriate roles for organizations and institutions involved in TBNRM initiatives.