According to the 2003 International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) World Parks Congress, human-wildlife conflict occurs when wildlife requirements encroach on those of human populations, with costs both to residents and wild animals (IUCN, 2005). Human-wildlife conflict has been in existence for as long as humans and wild animals have shared the same landscapes and resources (see below). Human-wildlife conflict does not occur only in Africa. Nowadays human wildlife conflict exists in one form or another all over the world. Conflict between humans and crocodiles, for example, has been reported in 33 countries spanning the tropics and subtropics, and the problem probably exists in many more.