Long-term monitoring of the effects of both climate change and man-made changes on the vegetation can only be done with suitable base-line data. Although considerable work has been done on grazing and bush encroachment in Namibia, little complete vegetation data (considering all components) are available in Namibia. Other than Giess's Vegetation Map of Namibia (1971), few other vegetation studies have been conducted in Namibia, mainly focusing on small areas like farms or game reserves.