This paper reviews Botswana's experience with the privatisation of the commons, drawing on available literature. While several studies were carried out in the 1990s, there is very little up-todate information on this issue. Therefore, after having reviewed available data and evidence, we will identify key issues for further research on the ground. The paper is likely to be of interest not only for the citizens of Botswana, but also for those grappling with rangeland policy issues in Africa and elsewhere. Keywords: Pre-colonial times, Colonial times, The post-Independence years, Cattle in the Botswana economy, The extent of commercial ranches, The performance of the ranches, Land tenure and the land market, Impact on wildlife.