There are four countries making up the Orange River basin. These countries are Lesotho, Botswana, Namibia and South Africa. The catchment area that falls in South Africa has been divided into 5 Water Management Areas (WMAs) to facilitate the management of the catchment. The WMAs are the Upper, Middle and Lower Vaal WMAs and the Upper and Lower Orange WMAs. A brief description of the predominant land use in each of the WMAs and Lesotho as it pertains to water quality is given in the following sections.