Woody vegetation has increased by 13% since 1999 in BNP. Change in vegetation structure differed in the east and west of the park. Early season burns in the east of the park were associated with an increase in trees over 3 m tall consisting primarily of Dialium engleranum, Terminalia sericea and Burkea africana. Repetitive late dry season fires in the west of the park were associated with an increase in shrubs under 3 m dominated by Baphia massaiensis and Terminalia sericea. Conclusions: Both early and late season fires are of value in management of bush encroachment. Early dry season fires appear to reduce the rate of bush encroachment and contribute to maintaining a heterogeneous vegetation structure. This fire management strategy reduces wildfire risk, conserves biodiversity, and promotes tourism and is, therefore, recommended for the park.