Juvenile crustal accretion in the Brasiliano Cycle occurred in the São Gabriel Block of southern Brazil, whereas the Dom Feliciano Belt along the Atlantic coast corresponds mainly to Brasiliano granites, gneisses and migmatites mostly derived from a Palaeoproterozoic to Archaean crust. These geotectonic units are separated by a volcano-sedimentary rift-related sequence of probable Mesoproterozoic age, strongly reworked during the Neoproterozoic. The basement rocks are represented by Palaeoproterozoic granulites and the Uruguayan granite-greenstone belts that define an important geotectonic cycle in southern Brazil, the Trans-Amazonian Cycle. However, the Brasiliano Cycle was most significant in the region, defined by two main tectonic events, the São Gabriel (750-700 Ma) and Dom Feliciano (around 600 Ma) events. W- and NW-verging thrust-related tectonics and later strike-slip deformation are recognised in the region. Granitic and effusive magmatism is abundant as a late manifestation of the Brasiliano Cycle in southern Brazil, along with the generation of foreland sedimentary basins.