International concern for threatened and endangered species has propelled the search for innovative approaches to conservation. Recognizing that historically marginalized and cashstrapped communities frequently inhabit species-rich areas, practitioners have increasingly infused development concerns into conservation endeavors. Such integrated conservation and development projects (ICDPs) exhibit a shift in conservation thinking from strict protectionism to a focus on community participation (Wainwright & Wehrmeyer 1998). ICDPs tend to make several claims that differentiate them from fortress-style protected areas. First, ICDPs claim tornlocate conservation at the local level, as opposed to the state level (Brown 2002). Second, ICDPs approach biodiversity protection through use of the market system, linking poorer communities to market-based benefits from biodiversity conservation (Büscher & Dressler 2012; Beilin 2010; Igoe & Brockington 2007; West 2006; Neumann 2005; Brown 2002; Young et al. 2001). Third, ICDPs claim to apply insights from non-equilibrium ecology, accepting that humans have influenced and continue to influence environmental change even in seemingly 'pristine' areas (Borrini-Feyerabend & Tarnowski 2005; Brown 2002). Consequently, ICDPs integrate human development interests into conservation efforts by offering market-based returns to communities in exchange for wildlife conservation. The cash incomes produced through increased market integration are believed to reduce communities' dependence on natural resources, facilitating nature conservation (Büscher & Dressler 2012).