A revision of Sarcocaulon (Geraniaceae) is presented in which 14 species are recognized. Descriptions, illustrations, distribution data and two keys to the species are provided. The following new names are published: S. salmoniflorum Moffett (nom. nov. for S. I'heritieri DC. var. brevimucronatum Schinz), S. camdeboense Moffett, S. ciliatum Moffett and S. peniculinum Moffett. Because the iconotype of S. spinosum (Burm.f.) Kuntze and S. burmannii (DC.) Sweet depicts discordant elements, which cannot be equated to any known taxa of Sarcocaulon, these species are treated as species incertae.