Fluid-present partial melting has generally been regarded a poor candidate for effecting crustal differentiation. In this study we report on granulite-grade metasediments from the Pan-African Damara Belt in Namibia that have undergone fluid-present biotite melting at a relatively low-temperature, yet appear to have lost a significant volume of melt. In situ anatectic features have been identified on the basis of the existence of new generations of cordierite and/or garnet produced as the solid products of incongruent anatexis within or adjacent to leucosomes. Leucosomes occur in lens-shaped pods that are orientated at high angles to the regional stretching lineation that formed during orogen-parallel extrusion of the rocks during the main collisional event in the Damara Belt. Within these sites biotite underwent incongruent melting via the reaction Bt + Qtz + Pl + H2O = Melt + Grt + Crd. Cordierite nucleated on pre-existing crystals within the bounding gneiss; garnet nucleated within the fracture sites (leucosomes) and typically occurs as individual, large (50 to 120 mm) poikiloblastic crystals. Thermobarometry applied to the anatectic assemblage yields low-temperature, granulite-facies peak conditions of 750C, 0.5 GPa. This temperature is approximately 100C lower than the accepted conditions for the onset of fluid-absent biotite melting. This, coupled to the focussing of anatexis on dilational sites, suggests that anatexis occurred through water-present biotite incongruent melting. Keywords: Partial melting, S-type granites, Migmatites, Damara Belt.