Title:

Oxygen and neodymium isotope evidence for source diversity in Cretaceous anorogenic granites from Namibia and implications for A-type granite genesis

Publication Year:
2004
Abstract:

Many of the early Cretaceous intrusive complexes in the Damaraland of west–central Namibia are silicic in composition. Although all have trace element characteristics typical for the so-called A-type granites, major differences in alkali/aluminum ratios and isotopic compositions require diverse magma sources. This paper presents Nd and O isotope data from the five largest silicic complexes (Paresis, Erongo, Brandberg, Cape Cross, Gross Spitzkoppe) that provide new constraints on the nature of crustal and mantle sources involved, and their relative proportions. The Paresis complex has an isotopic signature (δ18O=+9‰, εNd130 Ma=−21) indicating a crustal component similar to Mesoproterozoic gneisses of the Angola craton. The other complexes have isotope variations (δ18O from +8.1‰ to +10.7‰ and εNd130 Ma from −1 to −9) that can be explained by a binary mixing model between a mantle and crustal component. More importantly, this same mixing line also fits the Nd–O isotope variations reported from the mafic Okenyenya and Messum complexes, and from rhyodacites in the southern Etendeka volcanic sequence. The uniformity of the crustal component implied by this mixing model suggests lower crustal material, in contrast to the geologic complexity of the Neoproterozoic Damara Belt presently exposed at the surface. This is consistent with the isotopic data, and we interpret the crustal component to be lower crustal metametasediments that were dehydrated and perhaps melt-depleted by generation of the S-type granites, which are widespread in the Damara Belt. The mantle component is interpreted to be dominated by the Tristan mantle plume, but some involvement of depleted mantle material is needed to explain all of the isotope data. The data rule out any significant role for enriched, subcontinental mantle lithosphere. All silicic Damaraland complexes, as well as the Etendeka rhyodacites, classify as A-type granites despite their proven source diversity. This means that the A-type geochemical characteristics of these and, by analogy, other anorogenic granites, does not depend on a particular magma source. The unifying feature of the diverse granites in the Damaraland is likely to be related to the high temperatures involved, which allow partial melting of dehydrated, and possibly melt-depleted, lower crustal lithologies. Keywords: Paraná-Etendeka, Lower crust, Damara Belt, Magma mixing, Ring complexes.

Publication Title:

Lithos

Volume:
7,
Issue:
1-2
Pages:
21-40
Item Type:
Journal Article
Language:
en

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