This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction, Geological Background, Basalt Magma Types, Intrusive Magmatism, Relationship of Magmatism to Opening of the South Atlantic Ocean, Shallow-Level Processes in Paraná‐Etendeka Basalt Petrogenesis, Mantle Origins of the Paraná‐Etendeka Basalts, Rhyolite Magma Types and Petrogenesis, Paraná‐Etendeka Flood Basalts and Mass Extinctions? Keywords: Flood basalts, Volcanism.