Conservation Status: Endangered; Southern African Range: Namibia, southern Botswana, South Africa; Area of Occupancy: 342,000 km2; Population Estimate: 56,000 to 81,000 birds in Namibia and South Africa in the late 1980s; Population Trend: Uncertain, probably declining; Habitat: Semi-arid dwarf shrublands of succulent Karoo, Nama Karoo and Namib, with rainfall less than 500 mm; Threats: Collisions with overhead lines, fences and wind farms, (illegal) hunting, disturbance.