Conservation Status: Vulnerable; Southern African Range: Namibia, Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe; Area of Occupancy: 49,000 km2; Population Estimate: 40,000 to 55,400 adults; Population Trend: Fluctuating with recent increase; Habitat: Coastal lagoons, flooded salt pans, salt works; Threats: Low breeding frequency and success, water abstraction from breeding sites, toxins, pesticides, collisions with fences and power lines, disturbance by aircraft.