The reproductive cycle of the common rough-scaled lizard, Ichnotropis squamulosa from southern Africa was studied from a histological examination of gonads. The smallest reproductively active male and female I. squamulosa measured 47 mm and 58 mm SVL, respectively. Males began (spermiogenesis) sperm production and females began yolk deposition in February (summer). The reproductive cycle of I. squamulosa differs from that of other lacertid lizards from southern Africa which typically begin sperm production in late winter or early spring concurrent with the onset of yolk deposition. This difference in timing of reproduction may enhance survival of I. squamulosa as its young appear in spring by which time neonates of other lacertid species are larger and have different dietary preferences.